الرد على شبهة الزواج المبكر وزواج الرسول من السيدة عائشة رضي الله عنها

[الرافعي]

[frame="7 80"]
ثانيا : النضج النفسي تاريخيا :

ثانية دعاواهم قولهم : (( إن الإسلام سمح بالزواج عند سن البلوغ في العصر ما قبل الحديث مما سبب للبنت الضرر النفسي لأنه في سن البلوغ تكون البنت صغيرة جدا على أن توافق موافقة مسئولة ))

والحقيقة أنه وحتى القرن الثامن عشر فإن مجرد وصول الطفل إلى سن البلوغ كان يعتبر بالغا بكل ما تحمل الكلمة من معاني النضج والسلوك والمسئولية كما جاء في مجلة ( التاريخ الاجتماعي Journal of Social History ) ، و ( قاموس أصول الكلامOnline Etymology Dictionary ) و ( مجلة العائلة والزواج Journal of Marriage and the Family ) والعديد من المراجع الأكاديمية [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] .

لقد واجه الأطفال يوميا تحديات الصراع على البقاء جسديا واقتصاديا [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] ، وبينما سبّب هذا النوع من ( الضغط والإجهاد البيئي ) بلوغ مرحلة البلوغ لديهم في سن مبكرة [69] [70] [71] ، فإنه أيضا قد عجّل من النضج النفسي لديهم [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] ، وقد ساعد هذا النضج في تحملهم مسئولية الزواج المبكر والحمل أيضا .

وفي الحقيقة إن هذه المسئوليات كان يثمنها ويقدرها المجتمع ، بما في ذلك أعظم الآباء المؤسسين للولايات المتحدة الأميريكية [77] : ( بنيامين فرانكلين ) [78]

ولم يبدأ النضج النفسي في التأخر إلا من منتصف القرن الثامن عشر الصناعي [79] وهذا بسبب الأعراض الجانبية التي سببت تأخر النضج مثل : زيادة وسائل الراحة في الحياة ، وانعدام التأثير والتوجيه الأبوي [80] [81] [82] ، و " بقاء الأطفال أطفالا لمدة أطول لتكميل تعليمهم "[83] [84] [85] [86] .

لذا ، فإن من الحمق أن نطالب بأنه " كان ينبغي تأخير سن الزواج في العصر قبل الحديث تجنبا للضرر النفسي " لأن ذلك كان من شأنه أن يذهب بالجنس البشري إلى حد الانقراض لأسباب لا تظهر إلا لغير الناضجين من المراهقين اليوم .

وبما أن الرشد والنضج النفسي كانا يتحققان لدى سن البلوغ ، فإن من الحمق أيضا والسذاجة الافتراء على الزواج المبكر في التاريخ ووصفه بأنه : اعتداء على الأطفال [87] أو استغلالهم جنسيا [88] [89] [90] .

فالنتيجة إذا أن الزواج والإنجاب المبكر كانت ملاءمة نفسية كما كانت قيمة ومنفعة مجتمعية .

---

#000000

[58] "Saga Background: Women", Theban Tribunal Sourcebook
“For most girls in Byzantium, childhood came to an abrupt end with the onset of puberty, which was usually soon followed by betrothal and marriage. Early marriage and procreation of children was the norm in Byzantium...”

[59] William Faulkner, a twentieth- century American novelist once wrote, “The past is not dead, Sep 2004
"In the 17th century...children rapidly evolved into adulthood. In the words of the historian John Demos, 'the seventeenth century had no real word for the period of life between puberty and full manhood.' In fact, as noted in 'Colonial America', well bred children were supposed to both behave and look like small adults."

[60] "Apprentices as Adolescents in Sixteenth Century Bristol", Anne Yarbrough, Journal of Social History, Vol. 13, No. 1 (Autumn, 1979), pp. 67-81
“Since Erikson's formulation of the nature of adolescence, it has most frequently been argued that adolescence only fully emerged in the 19th century.”

[61] “puberty” [Johnson], 1382, from O.Fr. puberté, from L. pubertatem (nom. pubertas), Online Etymology Dictionary
"puberty: 'the time of life in which the two sexes begin first to be acquainted' [Johnson], 1382, from O.Fr. puberté, from L. pubertatem (nom. pubertas) 'age of maturity, manhood,' from pubes (gen. pubertis) 'adult, full-grown, manly.' "

[62] "Adolescense in Historical Perspective", Demos & Demos, Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 31, No. 4 (Nov., 1969), pp. 632-638
“The "discovery" of adolescence can be related to certain broad changes in American life--above all, to changes in the structure of the family as part of the new urban and industrial order...
The idea of adolescence is today one of our most widely held and deeply imbedded assumptions about the process of human development. Indeed must of us treat it not as an idea but as a fact...
Yet all of this has a relatively short history. The concept of adolescence, as generally understood and applied, did not exist before the last two decades of the nineteenth century. Once could almost call it an invention of that period...
We shall limit our attention to developments in the United States, since adolescence was on the whole an American discovery.
We shall begin with a sketch of some common ideas about childhood and "youth" during the period 1800-1875, as revealed in two kinds of sources: (1) a rapidly developing literature of child-rearing advice, and (2) a large body of books and pamphlets directed to the young people of the country and bearing especially on their "moral problems." Then we shall summarize the activites of the "child-study movement (beginning in about 1890)...
And finally we shall propose a hypothesis for drawing together these various types of material and above all for explaining the relationship between the idea of adolescence and the social phenomena to which it was a response. It is here that questions of family life will come most fully into view, since adolescence was, we believe, profoundly related to certain fundamental changes affecting the internal structure of many American homes.”

[63] William Faulkner, a twentieth- century American novelist once wrote, “The past is not dead, Sep 2004
"In the 17th century...children rapidly evolved into adulthood. In the words of the historian John Demos, 'the seventeenth century had no real word for the period of life between puberty and full manhood.' In fact, as noted in 'Colonial America', well bred children were supposed to both behave and look like small adults."

[64] It's Getting Better All the Time: 100 Greatest Trends of the Last 100 Years By Stephen Moore, Julian Lincoln Simon
“The essential element of the human condition was a day-to-say struggle to fend off death”

[65] “sexual behaviour, human” Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008
“The old family pattern was inexorably disrupted by the rise of the industrial state. Children were no longer kept at home to share in the work and be economic assets but left for school or for nonfamily employment...”

[66] William Faulkner, a twentieth- century American novelist once wrote, “The past is not dead, Sep 2004
"The economic structure of the colonial times forced children to start work early."

[67] Does the American Family Have a History? Family Images and Realities, Digital History
“Families in Colonial America...children were likely to lose at least one parent by the time they married”

[68] Does the American Family Have a History? Family Images and Realities, Digital History
“Families in Colonial America...Many children left their parents homes before puberty to work as servants or apprentices in other households”

[69] “Early Age at Menarche and Allostatic Load: Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey”, Allsworth, Weitzen, Boardman, Annuals of Epidemiology, Volume 15, Issue 6, Pages 438-444 (June 2005)
“Although the overall allostatic load scores were low when compared with older adults, the mean allostatic load score was higher among those with menarche at ages 10 or younger compared with those with later ages at menarche (1.99 vs. 1.33). After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, level of education, household poverty income ratio, smoking, and depression history, women with high allostatic load scores had more than 2 times the odds as those with low scores of experiencing menarche at age 10 or earlier.”

[70] “Family stress, perception of pregnancy, and age of menarche among pregnant adolescents”, Ravert & Martin, Adolescence Summer 1997
“specifically, the role of family stress has been linked with pubertal timing and early female maturation (Belsky, Steinberg, & Draper, 1991; Wierson, Long, & Forehand, 1993)... adolescents may be particularly vulnerable to stressful events”

[71] “Allostasis and Allostatic Load: Implications for Neuropsychopharmacology”, McEwin, Neuropsychopharmacology (2000) 22 108-124.10.1038 /sj.npp.1395453
“The primary hormonal mediators of the stress response, glucocorticoids and catecholamines, have both protective and damaging effects on the body. In the short run, they are essential for adaptation, maintenance of homeostasis, and survival (allostasis). Yet, over longer time intervals, they exact a cost (allostatic load)...”

[72] Changing times: The evolution of puberty", Gluckman & Hanson, Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Volumes 254-255, 25 July 2006, Pages 26-31
“An evolutionary and life history perspective is used to consider the evolution of puberty. The age of menarche would have evolved by the Neolithic to be matched to social maturity. It is suggested that in developed countries menarche is now returning to a similar age as in the Neolithic as infection and undernutrition, features of post-Neolithic society, have reduced impact. But recently the psychosocial expectations on adolescents in western societies have changed and social maturity now significantly follows menarche.”

[73] William Faulkner, a twentieth- century American novelist once wrote, “The past is not dead, Sep 2004
“The family’s need for this extra source of income required children to be accelerated into adulthood. This is different in modern society.”

[74] ”New research shows how evolution explains age of puberty”, From the University of Southampton
“They found that Paleolithic girls arrived at menarche - the first occurrence of menstruation - between seven and 13 years. This is a similar age to modern girls...'This would have matched the degree of psychosocial maturation necessary to function as an adult in Paleolithic society based on small groups of hunter-gatherers,' they write...However, today there is a mismatch between sexual maturity and psychosocial maturity, with sexual maturity occurring much earlier. This mismatch is a result of society becoming vastly more complex, with psychosocial maturity therefore taking longer to reach.
'For the first time in our 200,000 year history as a species, humans become sexually mature before becoming psychologically equipped to function as adults in society,' explains Professor Hanson.
'All our social systems work on the presumption that the two types of maturity coincide. But this is no longer the case and never will be again because we cannot change biological reality. We have to work out a new set of structures - schooling, for example - to deal with this reality.' “

[75] “Evolution, development and timing of puberty.” Hanson, Gluckman Trends in Endocrinology & ****bolism, Volume 17, Issue 1, January 2006, Pages 7-12
“The age of menarche has fallen as child health has improved...In the past few decades, as puberty has advanced, biological maturation has come to precede psychosocial maturation significantly for the first time in our evolutionary history. Although this developmental mismatch has considerable societal implications, care has to be taken not to medicalize contemporary early puberty inappropriately.”

[76] When Little Girls Become Women: Early Onset of Puberty in Girls
“But the implications for parents, teachers, and others who work with children are equally important: many young girls in early elementary school are developing breasts and pubic hair at a time when they are still playing with dolls and Junior Monopoly, and are too young to understand the emotional mood swings and other symptoms of adolescence.”

[77] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin
“Benjamin Franklin (January 17 [O.S. January 6] 1706 – April 17, 1790) was one of the most important and influential Founding Fathers of the United States of America.”

[78] Benjamin Franklin On An Early Marriage, The Pennsylvania Packet, October 30, 1789
" The tempers and habits of the young are not yet become so stiff and uncomplying as when more advanced in life; they form more easily to each other, and hence many occasions of disgust are removed. And if youth has less of that prudence which is necessary to manage a family, yet the parents and elder friends of young married persons are generally at hand, to afford their advice, which amply supplies that defect; and by early marriage youth is sooner formed to regular and useful life...when nature has rendered our bodies fit for it, the presumption is in nature's favor, that she has not judged amiss in making us desire it...By these early marriages, we are blessed with more children, and from the mode among us, founded by nature, of every mother suckling and nursing her own child, more of them are raised. Thence the swift progress of population among us, unparalleled in Europe. In fine, I am glad you are married, and congratulate you most cordially upon it. You are now in the way of becoming a useful citizen, and you have escaped the unnatural state of celibacy for life, the fate of many here, who never intended it, but who, having too long postponed the change of their condition, find at length that it is too late to think of it; and so live all their lives in a situation that greatly lessens a man's value"

[79] William Faulkner, a twentieth- century American novelist once wrote, “The past is not dead, Sep 2004
“Today’s more industrial economic structure requires children to stay in ‘childhood’ longer.”

[80] “sexual behaviour, human” Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008
“The old family pattern was inexorably disrupted by the rise of the industrial state. Children were no longer kept at home to share in the work and be economic assets but left for school or for nonfamily employment, and the degree of parental control diminished.”

[81] William Faulkner, a twentieth- century American novelist once wrote, “The past is not dead, Sep 2004
" Children received discipline and learned values within a family environment. The role of family in a child's experience has dramatically diminished since the 17th century. Traditional family roles have changed and as a result, children spend larger periods of time in school... As mentioned in the US census, in 1995 alone, around 45% of children were enrolled in some version of daycare. With so much of a child's education entrusted to strangers who do not know the family well, it has become more difficult to control, or even to know, what values children are picking up. In addition, children have a greater peer influence as they are with peers constantly. Thus, the changing times have altered the traditional child rearing roles and changed the values instilled in contemporary children."

[82] The Cradle and the Gap
“From ancient times through the early centuries of this country's history, early puberty has been considered the proper time to go to school. Now, however, educators and psychologists have brainwashed the public into thinking that public schools can outparent families. The state has taken over education and removed children from the home at too young an age. This practice has led to: (1) a poorer education, as shown by the decline in literacy since the beginning of public education; (2) the creation of a generation gap, as a result of keeping children in institutions and away from parents; and (3) peer dependency and poor self-worth attitudes, because children spend more time with peers than with parents. Research and example have proved the theses that the home is the best educational nest, that parents are the best educators, and that parents are educable. Educational factors that make home schooling successful include the importance of the singular adult example undiluted by too many peers, the need to explore widely without the inhibitions of the classroom, the need for many quality personal adult-to-child responses, and the availability of books in public libraries. The best age for school entrance is in the range of 8-12 years old, as determined by early childhood studies on socialization and readiness for learning.”

[83] “sexual behaviour, human” Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008
“The old family pattern was inexorably disrupted by the rise of the industrial state. Children were no longer kept at home to share in the work and be economic assets but left for school or for nonfamily employment...”

[84] "Industrial Revolution." Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008
“The main features involved in the Industrial Revolution were technological, socioeconomic, and cultural. The technological changes included the following: (1) the use of new basic materials, chiefly iron and steel, (2) the use of new energy sources, including both fuels and motive power, such as coal, the steam engine, electricity, petroleum, and the internal-combustion engine, (3) the invention of new machines, such as the spinning jenny and the power loom that permitted increased production with a smaller expenditure of human energy, (4) a new organization of work known as the factory system, which entailed increased division of labour and specialization of function, (5) important developments in transportation and communication, including the steam locomotive, steamship, automobile, airplane, telegraph, and radio, and (6) the increasing application of science to industry. These technological changes made possible a tremendously increased use of natural resources and the mass production of manufactured goods....There were also many new developments in nonindustrial spheres, including the following: (1) agricultural improvements that made possible the provision of food for a larger nonagricultural population, (2) economic changes that resulted in a wider distribution of wealth...(4) sweeping social changes, including the growth of cities, the development of working-class movements, and the emergence of new patterns of authority...Finally, there was a psychological change: man's confidence in his ability to use resources and to master nature was heightened.”

[85] William Faulkner, a twentieth- century American novelist once wrote, “The past is not dead, Sep 2004
“Children must also remain children longer in order to complete their education.”

[86] “Psychological neoteny and higher education: Associations with delayed parenthood”, Charlton, Medical Hypotheses, Volume 69, Issue 2, Pages 237-240 (2007)
“Marriage and parenthood are indicative of making a choice to ‘settle down’ and thereby move on from the more flexible lifestyle of youth; and furthermore these are usually commitments which themselves induce a settling down and maturation of attitudes and behaviors...Parenthood is associated with a broad range of psychologically ‘maturing’ and socially-integrating effects in both men and women...The conclusion is that psychological neoteny is indeed increasing, and mainly as a consequence of the increasing percentage of school leavers going into higher education.”

[87] “Child Sexual Abuse I: An Overview”, Advocates for Youth
“The American Medical Association defines child sexual abuse as "the engagement of a child in sexual activities for which the child is developmentally unprepared and cannot give informed consented. Child sexual abuse is characterized by deception, force or coercion.”

[88] "pedophile", The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000.
"An adult who is sexually attracted to a child or children."

[89] American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition **** revision), § 302.2 : DSM-IV-TR: Pedophilia
“Pedophilia: Over a period of at least 6 months, recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children”

[90] "child", The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000.
"A person between birth and puberty.
ETYMOLOGY: Middle English, from Old English cild."

[/frame]

---

[الرافعي]

[frame="7 80"]

ثالثا : مخاطر الإنجاب المبكر تاريخيا :


ثالثة دعاواهم قولهم : (( لقد سمح الإسلام بالإنجاب المبكر لدى سن البلوغ في العصور قبل الحديثة ، مما كان خطرا على الأمهات الصغيرات ))

لقد استشهدت هذه الدعوى بدراسة لـ ( صندوق الأمم المتحدة للسكان UNFPA ) لكنها أخفت أن الدراسة تناولت دولتين فقيرتين معاصرتين ، وأنه " كان من الممكن تجنب كل حالات الوفايات تلك تقريبا " وبكل بساطة عن طريق توفير وسائل النقل للمستشفيات [91] .

وتنص ( المجلة الدولية لعلم الأوبئة The International Journal of Epidemiology ) على أن " جميع الدراسات إنما تورط الفقر ، وليس الأم ، في أنه يشكل التهديد الحقيقي لصحة الأم وطفلها " [92] .

وفي الأزمنة قبل الحديثة ، كانت مخاطر الإنجاب الحقيقية نابعة من نقص المعرفة الطبية ، و عدم النظافة الشخصية ، وقد أثر ذلك على جميع النساء بغض النظر عن أعمارهن [93] .

في الحقيقة ، لقد كان الإنجاب المبكر سمة للتفوق الوراثي لسببين :

الأول : أن النساء اللائي يبلغن مبكرا يُنجبن أطفالا أسرع نموا وأثقل وزنا [94] .

الثاني : ما تنص عليه ( نظرية تاريخ الحياة ) من أن " الانتخاب الطبيعي سيكون في صالح الأفراد الذين يتناسلون مبكرا عن باقي الأفراد في المجتمع السكاني " [95] [96] .

فالنتيجة إذا أن الإنجاب المبكر لم بكن ضارا على الإطلاق ، بل كان منفعة لحديثي الولادة ومنفعة وراثية .

---

#000000

[91] Americans for UNFPA, Women’s Health
“Almost all of these deaths are preventable. UNFPA trains skilled birth attendants and establishes reliable transportation to medical facilities--the most effective ways to reduce maternal mortality in remote areas.”
UNFPA and UNIFEM Joint Proposal for a Planning Grant “Improving Social and Economic Opportunities for Adolescent Girls in Ethiopia and Bangladesh”
“in Ethiopia and Bangladesh...girls aged 10 to 14 are five times more likely to die in pregnancy or childbirth than women aged 20 to 24”


[92] “Teen pregnancy is not a public health crisis in the United States. It is time we made it one”, Janet Rich-Edwards, International Journal of Epidemiology, 2002;31:555-556
“Indeed, it is testimony to the increasing strength of epidemiological methods that maternal age can be stripped from its tight association with economic and social risks, yielding the conclusion that teen pregnancy (at least for the 98% of teen pregnancies that occur after age 14 in the US) poses little, if any, inherent biological risk in the developed world. Such studies implicate poverty, not maternal age, as the real threat to maternal and infant welfare.”


[93] “Commentary: The pitfalls of policy history. Writing the past to change the present”, S Ryan Johansson, International Journal of Epidemiology, 2005 34(3): 526-529
"...most people were too poor, and therefore too poorly nourished, to resist the relentless onslaughts of disease, particularly infectious disease. In 18th century Western Europe, agricultural development increased the food supply and let ordinary people buy more and better food. Better nutrition increased their resistance to infectious disease, and reduced death rates, all without the assistance of medical care. It took another century (i.e. 1870) before public health and the decline of fertility made a complementary but still minor contribution to the continuing, nutrition-driven decline of mortality. Thus, if the goal of contemporary health policy is to further reduce mortality, society should invest its resources in the reduction of malnutrition, and more broadly, the eradication of poverty, not more and more sophisticated forms of medical care.”


[94] “Mother's early puberty boosts child's obesity risk”, 24 April 2007, NewScientist.com, Roxanne Khamsi
“a combination of genetic and behavioural factors explains why women who undergo puberty early appear to have children who grow faster and weigh more. Mothers may pass on genes that cause swift development, he explains. By the same token, they may pass on eating habits that prime the body for early maturation.”


[95] “population ecology” Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008
“Of the many differences in life history that occur among populations, age at the time of first reproduction is one of the most important for understanding the dynamics and evolution of a population. All else being equal, natural selection will favour individuals that reproduce earlier than other individuals within a population, because by reproducing earlier an individual's genes enter the gene pool sooner than those of other individuals that were born at the same time but have not reproduced. The genes of the early reproducers then begin to spread throughout the population. Individuals whose genetic makeup allows them to reproduce earlier in life will come to dominate a population if there is no counterbalancing advantage to those individuals that delay reproduction until later in life.”


[96] “population ecology” Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008
“populations in which individuals reproduce at an early age have the potential to grow much faster than populations in which individuals reproduce later.”

[/frame]

[الرافعي]

[frame="7 80"]

رابعا : الزواج المبكر في العصور الحديثة :


ورابعة دعاواهم قولهم : (( يسمح الإسلام بالزواج في العصور الحديثة [ عصرنا هذا ] مما يسبب الضرر النفسي والجنسي ))


فبداية القول أن ذلك خطأ ، فليس صحيحا أن سن القبول والموافقة في الإسلام في العصر الحديث أقل مما هو عليه في القوانين الأخرى ، فمثلا ، الولايات المتحدة الأميريكية وبلدان أخرى تسمح تماما بالزواج لمن هم دون سن الـ 16 مع الحمل أيضا ، وذلك بموافقة الأبوين أو موافقة المحكمة [97] .

وعلى النقيض من ذلك ، ففي 17 دولة إسلامية يتراوح سن القبول الأدنى لديها ما بين 15 و 18 عاما مع ضرورة الموافقة الأبوية [98] [99] [100] [101] [102] [103] [104] [105] [106] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] و هو تطبيق مستمد بصفة أساسيا من التشريع الإسلامي [115] [116] .

وفي الحقيقة ، وبسبب تأخر سن النضج في واقعنا المعاصر ، فإن الزواج في سن البلوغ اليوم من شأنه أن ينتهك ست قواعد أساسية في الإسلام هي :


1) الرشد ، أو النضج النفسي أو ( الحكم المتعقل ) ، وهو مطلوب قبل الزواج [117] [118] .

2) لا ضرر ولا ضرار [119] [120] [121] [122] .

3) مراعاة مصالح الناس العليا [123] .

4) { لاَ تُكَلَّفُ نَفْسٌ إِلاَّ وُسْعَهَا } [124] [125] [126] [127]
[128] .

5) "المُسْتَشارُ مُؤْتَمَنٌ " [129] [130] [131] .

6) { وَأْمُرْ بِالْعُرْفِ } [132] [133] [134] .

ثانيا : ليس صحيحا أن التشريح الإسلامي للزواج يؤدي إلى مزيد من الضرر مقارنة بالقوانين ولتشريعات الأخرى ، فالحقيقة أن التشريع الإسلامي يمهد الطريق لكل علاقة جنسية و لنسلها المحتمل للحصول على منافعها من الإخلاص المتبادل ، والدعم العاطفي ، والالتزام [135] ، والثقة المتبادلة ، والدعم المجتمعي الواسع [136] .

بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، ومع متسط عمر قليل نسبيا للزواج ، فإن الدول الإسلامية تستفيد من عقلية الزواج المبكر ، والتي ثبت أنها تؤدي إلى النضج النفسي في سن مبكرة نسبيا [137] .

وعلى الجانب الآخر ، فإن الدول غير الإسلامية تسمح وتتغاضى عن الأنشطة الجنسية التي تُرتكب قبل سنوات من النضج النفسي وبلوغ السن القانونية للزواج [138] مما يسبب أذى جنسيا مدمرا للمراهقين ، كما تنص عليه حاليا الإحصاءات الأميريكية التالية :

> 50% من مرتكبي الاعتداءات الجنسية على الأطفال هم من المراهقين أنفسهم [139] ممن يرتكبون الاعتداءات الجنسية ، ويستغلون الأطفال في المواد الإباحية والدعارة والبغاء ، وحتى زنا المحارم [140] إما بالخداع أو بالقوة والإكراه [141] .

> 35% ممن بلغ السابعة عشرة من العمر تعرضوا لاعتداءات جنسية [142] [143] .

> 12% ممن بلغ الرابعة عشرة من العمر مارسوا الجنس "كرها" [144] .

> نصف الإصابات الجديدة بفيروس الإيدز HIV تقع بين المراهقين [145] [146] .

> 70% ممن بلغوا الثالثة عشرة و مارسوا الجنس قالوا إن ذلك كان "رغما عن إرادتهم" [147].

> 7% ممن بلغوا الثانية عشرة مارسوا الجنس [148] [149] .

> 90 % من العاهرات كن ضحايا لاعتداء جنسي عليهن في طفولتهن [150] [151] [152] .

> متوسط عمر الفتيات اللائي يقعن ضحايا البغاء والدعارة لأول مرة من 12 إلى 14 عاما [153].

> 3 إلى 8 محاولات انتحار محتملة يقوم بها المراهقون الناشطون جنسيا [154] [155] .

> 76 % من المراهقات ممن يصبحن أمهات دون إعداد ينتهي بهن المطاف في دور الرعاية الاجتماعية [156] .

> في أغنى بلدان العالم ، هناك 1.25 مليون حالة حمل بين المرهقات ، و 500.000 حالة إجهاض سنويا [157] .

> البلدان التي تختار تحليل و تقنين البغاء ، مثل ألمانيا وهولندا والسويد والدنمارك ، ينتهي بها الأمر إلى زيادة في معدلات بغاء الأطفال والاتجار بالجنس [158] [159] [160] [161] ، واستغلال الأطفال في المواد الإباحية [162] [163] ، وزنا المحارم [164] [165] ، وحتى البهيمية المشروعة ( ممارسة الجنس مع الحيوانات ) [166] [167] [168] [169] .

وفي العصر الحديث ، انخفض سن البلوغ [170] [171] دون سن النضج النفسي [172] [173] [174] وانحدرت وتدهورت القيم الجنسية بشكل كبير [175] وساهمت عقلية تأخير الزواج في تأخير النضج الجنسي إلى حد أبعد [176] ، وستستمر هذه الاتجاهات الثلاثة في زيادة الضرر الجنسي المدمر على المراهقين في الدول غير الإسلامية .

وبينما تُستغل حالات نادرة للغاية للزواج في سن البلوغ في الريف الأفغاني للهجوم على كل المسلمين ، فلا بد من الإشارة إلى أنه حتى في الدول الإسلامية التي لم تقم رسميا برفع السن الدنيا للموافقة والقبول لديها ، فإنها قد فعلت ذلك في واقعها العملي ، وإلا فقد كان متوقعا من منتقدي الإسلام أن ينشروا ما هو أكثر من مجرد بضع حالات في بعض القرى والمخيمات المعزولة .

لكن الأهم من ذلك فعلا هو أن هذه البلدان الإسلامية تخلو من أي من تلك الفظائع الجنسية التي وُثّقت وتوثّق وبنسب ارتفاع مرعبة في البلدن نفسها التي تهاجم الإسلام .

فالنتيجة إذا أن التشريع الإسلامي المرن للزواج يوفر حماية أكبر بكثير من القوانين الأخرى المعاصرة من خلال منعه للأنشطة الجنسية قبل النضوج النفسي ثم الزواج .



الخلاصـــــة :

الخلاصة إذا أن الإسلام - وبكل مسئولية - يهذب الغرائز الجنسية ويوجهها التوجية السليم من خلال الزواج بأسبقية النضج النفسي .

وعلى النقيض من الادعاءات بتحسين المباديء الأخلاقية ، فإن القوانين والتشريعات غير الإسلامية قد أدت - وبصورة مفزعة - بالاعتداء الجنسي على الأطفال إضافة إلى الضرر النفسي الواقع عليهم إلى الارتفاع بنسب وبائية .

ولذلك ، فإن تلك الهجمات على الإسلام حين يتم تحليلها تحليلا محايدا ونزيها ، فإنها إنما تكشف جليا عن كمال التطبيق ومثالية الحل الإسلامي من القرن السابع وحتى اليوم ، كما تكشف أيضا عن الإخفاق التام والفشل الذريع من أي نظام آخر لتقديم أية حماية من أي نوع لشباب المجتمع.

وفي أحسن الأحوال ، فإن هذه الهجمات وُجدت سطحية وغير مسئولة نظرا لخطورة هذه المسألة .

انتـــــــــــــــــــــــهى

---

#000000

[97] Marriage Laws of the Fifty States, District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, Cornell Law School

[98] ”Algeria”: Islamic Family Law – Legal Profiles, Emory Law School, 2002
State Religion: Islam, Sharia Marital Law: 18 with parental consent

[99] ”Bahrain”, National Laws, Legislation of INTERPOL member states on sexual offences against children, 2008
State Religion: Islam, Sharia Marital Law: 15 with parental consent, or 21

[100] ”Bangladesh”, Islamic Family Law – Legal Profiles, Emory Law School, 2002
State Religion: Islam, Sharia Marital Law: 18 (with exceptions)

[101] ”Egypt”, Islamic Family Law – Legal Profiles, Emory Law School, 2002
State Religion: Islam, Sharia Marital Law: 16 with parental consent

[102] ”Iraq”, Islamic Family Law – Legal Profiles, Emory Law School, 2002
State Religion: Islam, Sharia Marital Law: 15 with parental consent, or 18

[103] ”Jordan”, Islamic Family Law – Legal Profiles, Emory Law School, 2002
State Religion: Islam, Sharia Marital Law: 15 with parental consent, or 18

[104] “Kuwait”, Islamic Family Law – Legal Profiles, Emory Law School, 2002
State Religion: Islam, Sharia Marital Law: 15 with parental consent, puberty and maturity (with exceptions)

[105] “Libya”, Islamic Family Law – Legal Profiles, Emory Law School, 2002
State Religion: Islam, Sharia Marital Law: 20 (exceptions with parental and court permission and benefit to parties)

[106] “Malaysia”, Islamic Family Law – Legal Profiles, Emory Law School, 2002
State Religion: Islam, Sharia Marital Law: 16 with parental consent (exceptions with court permission)

[107] “Morocco”, Islamic Family Law – Legal Profiles, Emory Law School, 2002
State Religion: Islam, Sharia Marital Law: 15 with parental consent

[108] “Pakistan”, Islamic Family Law – Legal Profiles, Emory Law School, 2002
State Religion: Islam, Sharia Marital Law: 16

[109] “Palestine”, Islamic Family Law – Legal Profiles, Emory Law School, 2002
State Religion: Islam, Sharia Marital Law: 15 with parental consent

[110] “Somalia”, Islamic Family Law – Legal Profiles, Emory Law School, 2002
State Religion: Islam, Sharia Marital Law: 16 with parental consent, or 18

[111] “Syria”, Islamic Family Law – Legal Profiles, Emory Law School, 2002
State Religion: Islam, Sharia Marital Law: 17 with parental consent

[112] “Tunisia”, Islamic Family Law – Legal Profiles, Emory Law School, 2002
State Religion: Islam, Sharia Marital Law: 17 (exceptions with parental and court permission and benefit to parties)

[113] “Yemen”, Islamic Family Law – Legal Profiles, Emory Law School, 2002
State Religion: Islam, Sharia Marital Law: 15 with parental consent

[114] “UAE”, Islamic Family Law – Legal Profiles, Emory Law School, 2002
State Religion: Islam, Sharia Marital Law

“Age makes all the difference”, Bassma Al Jandaly, Gulf News, November 02, 2007
“Dubai: You can get married in the UAE if you are 18 years old, but if you are less than the legal age, a judge will have to decide whether you are competent enough to wed. If you are 18 years of age and older but your guardians are stopping the marriage, you can approach a court judge to sort out the issue.”

"Getting Married in Abu Dhabi", Abu Dhabi Tourism Authority
“Islam is the official state religion and the Sharia Court in Abu Dhabi performs marriage, regardless of applicants’ nationalities, according to Islamic law...Regardless of a woman’s age the Sharia Court would always require her guardian’s approval for the marriage.”

[115] “Islam: Governing Under Sharia”, Sharon Otterman , Council on Foreign Relations
“Most Middle Eastern countries continue to incorporate some traditional sharia into their legal codes, especially in the area of personal-status law, which governs marriage, divorce, and inheritance.”

[116] “Age makes all the difference”, Bassma Al Jandaly, Gulf News, November 02, 2007
“Dubai: You can get married in the UAE if you are 18 years old, but if you are less than the legal age, a judge will have to decide whether you are competent enough to wed.”

"Getting Married in Abu Dhabi", Abu Dhabi Tourism Authority
“Islam is the official state religion and the Sharia Court in Abu Dhabi performs marriage, regardless of applicants’ nationalities, according to Islamic law.”

[117] “Shari'ah”, Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008
“A legal capacity to transact belongs to any person “of prudent judgment” (rashid), a quality that is normally deemed to arrive with physical maturity or puberty...Persons who are not rashid, on account of minority, mental deficiency, simplicity, or prodigality, are placed under interdiction: their affairs are managed by a guardian and they cannot transact effectively without the guardian's consent.”

[118] {وَابْتَلُواْ الْيَتَامَى حَتَّىَ إِذَا بَلَغُواْ النِّكَاحَ فَإِنْ آنَسْتُم مِّنْهُمْ رُشْداً فَادْفَعُواْ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ...} {Test the orphans, so that if they have reached the age of procreation, and if (you) discerned from them sound judgement then deliver to them their fortune} Quran: Al Nisaa (The Women) 4:6, p. 77
The responsibility of another person or children is far more important to test than the responsibility of money alone. Furthermore, this is the only verse in the Quran using the term “Balaghu Alnikah“ (age of procreation) for puberty, and it is to mention the condition of sound judgement before gaining the responsibilities normally associated with puberty. (Muhaddith MR)

[119] “al Mustadrak”, al Hakim, vol. 2
“...an authentic hadeeth by Imaam Muslim’s criteria: Citing Abu Sa’eed al Khudri that the Prophet PBUH said:
‘No harm (is allowed), nor harming back. Whoever harms, Allah Will Harm him, and whoever makes things difficult (for others), Allah Will Make things difficult for him’.”
المستدرك على الصحيحين، للإمام محمد بن عبد الله الحاكم النيسابوري. المجلد الثاني
... عن أبي سعيد الخدري - رضي الله تعالى عنه: أن رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قال: (لا ضرر ولا ضرار، من ضار ضاره الله، ومن شاق شاق الله عليه). هذا حديث صحيح الإسناد على شرط مسلم، ولم يخرجاه.‏

[120] Imaam Ahmad, Abu Dawood, Tirmizhi, Nasaa’i, Ibn Maajah, and Al Tabaraani (citing Abi Sirmah), and Al Hakim (citing Abu Sa’eed Al Khudri):
“Whoever harms, Allah Will Harm him, and whoever makes things difficult (for others), Allah Will Make things difficult for him.”
روى أحمد في مسنده وأبو داود، والترمذي، والنسائي، وابن ماجه، والطبراني في الكبير عن أبي صرمة
من ضار ضار الله به، ومن شاق شاق الله عليه

[121] Hadith Hasan (authenticated): Malik, Suyuti, Ahmed, Shafii; and Imam Munawi in “Faydh al Qadir, Sharh al Jame al Saghir” vol 6, hadith #9899
“Allah’s Messenger said: ‘No harm (is allowed), nor harming back.’ “
الإمامِ المناوي, ‏فيض القدير، شرح الجامع الصغير، الجزء السادس. حديث رقم: 9899
لا ضرر ولا ضرار

[122] "The Language of God", Francis Collins, pp 243-244
"four ethical principles undergird much of bioethics, and are common to virtually all cultures and societies: 1-Respect for autonomy...2- Justice...3- Benefience-The mandate to treat others in their best interests 4- Nonmaleficence-"First do no harm" (as in the Hypocrstic oath)...A religious person will see these as principles clearly laid out in sacred ****s of the Judeo-Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, and other religious traditions..."

[123] "The Language of God", Francis Collins, pp 243-244
"four ethical principles undergird much of bioethics, and are common to virtually all cultures and societies: 1-Respect for autonomy...2- Justice...3- Benefience-The mandate to treat others in their best interests 4- Nonmaleficence-"First do no harm" (as in the Hypocrstic oath)...A religious person will see these as principles clearly laid out in sacred ****s of the Judeo-Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, and other religious traditions..."

[124] Tafsir al Qurtubi, Explanation of the Quran: Al Tawbah (The Repentance) 9:91
“His saying: {Not on the weak nor on the sick nor on those who find nothing to spend is any blame (haraj, or fault) if they are true to Allah and His messenger...} is a foundation that obligations are waived from upon the infirm, thus any person who is not capable of something, then it is waived for him; sometimes to a replacement which is an (other) action, and sometimes to a financial assignment, and there is no difference between incapability regarding the body or the wealth.
And similar to this aayah is His saying: {Allah does not burden a soul except according to its capability} (Baqarah, 286)
And His saying: {There is no blame on the blind, nor is there blame on the lame, nor is there blame on the sick.} (Al Nur, 61)”
سورة التوبة 9:91 تفسير القرتبي
قوله تعالى: {ليس على الضعفاء ولا على المرضى ولا على الذين لا يجدون ما ينفقون حرج إذا نصحوا لله ورسوله ما على المحسنين من سبيل والله غفور رحيم} .
أصل في سقوط التكليف عن العاجز فكل من عجز عن شيء سقط عنه، فتارة إلى بدل هو فعل، وتارة إلى بدل هو غرم، ولا فرق بين العجز من جهة القوة أو العجز من جهة المال ونظير هذه الآية قوله تعالى: {لا يكلف الله نفسا إلا وسعها" [البقرة: 286]
وقوله: {ليس على الأعمى حرج ولا على الأعرج حرج ولا على المريض حرج" [النور: 61].

[125] Quran: Al Hajj (The Pilgrimage) 22:78
“...He has chosen you and has not placed upon you in religion any hardship (haraj)...”
سورة الحج 22:78 القرآن الكريم
هُوَ اجْتَبَاكُمْ وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ

[126] Tafsir al Qurtubi, Explanation of the Quran: Al Nur (The Light) 24:61
{Not on the blind is blame (haraj, or fault), nor on the blind is blame (haraj), nor on the sick is blame (haraj), nor on yourselves to eat from your houses...(or from houses of various relatives)...}
“But the selection (by Qurtubi) is to say: ‘That Allah has lifted the burden from upon the blind, concerning obligations that necessitate eyesight, and from upon the limping (lame) concerning action that require walking in order to become obligatory as well as actions that become impossible due to limping, and from upon the sick, whatever is waived by disease such as fasting, the conditions and details of prayer and jihad and similar (duties).’ Then He (Allah) said, providing details: ‘And there is no blame upon you to eat from your houses.’
So this is a correct meaning, and a clear and beneficial explanation, supported by Islamic law (sharia) and reason, and does not require ****ual sources in (this) explanation of the Aayah.
I say (al Qurtubi): And this is what Ibn Atiyyah indicated; he said: ‘So the outward meaning of this Aayah, and the commandment of Sharia, indicate that blame is lifted from upon them concerning anything that they have an excuse against’.”
سورة النور 24:61 تفسير القرتبي
{لَيْسَ عَلَى الْأَعْمَى حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى الْأَعْرَجِ حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى الْمَرِيضِ حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى أَنفُسِكُمْ أَن تَأْكُلُوا مِن بُيُوتِكُمْ أَو...}
‏لكن المختار أن يقال: إن الله رفع الحرج عن الأعمى فيما يتعلق بالتكليف الذي يشترط فيه البصر، وعن الأعرج فيما يشترط في التكليف به من المشي وما يتعذر من الأفعال مع وجود العرج، وعن المريض فيما يؤثر المرض في إسقاطه كالصوم وشروط الصلاة وأركانها، والجهاد ونحو ذلك. ثم قال بعد ذلك مبينا: وليس عليكم حرج في أن تأكلوا من بيوتكم. فهذا معنى صحيح، وتفسير بين مفيد، ويعضده الشرع والعقل، ولا يحتاج في تفسير الآية إلى نقل.
قلت: وإلى هذا أشار ابن عطية فقال: فظاهر الآية وأمر الشريعة يدل على أن الحرج عنهم مرفوع في كل ما يضطرهم إليه العذر، وتقتضي نيتهم فيه الإتيان بالأكمل، ويقتضي العذر أن يقع منهم الأنقص، فالحرج مرفوع عنهم في هذا.

[127] Quran: Al Maedah (The Repast) 5:6
“O you who believe, if you rise for prayer, wash your faces and hands to the elbows, and wipe your heads, and (wash) your feet to the two ankles. And if you are unclean then purify (yourselves). And if you are sick, or on a journey, or one of you comes from the lavatory, or have had contact with women, and then you find no water, then take clean earth (sand,dust), and wipe your faces and hands with it. Allah does not want to place on you of hardships (haraj), rather, He wants you (to be) purified and perfect His grace upon you, that you may be grateful”
سورة المائدة 5:6 القرآن الكريم
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلاةِ فاغْسِلُواْ وُجُوهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى الْمَرَافِقِ وَامْسَحُواْ بِرُؤُوسِكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ إِلَى الْكَعْبَينِ وَإِن كُنتُمْ جُنُباً فَاطَّهَّرُواْ وَإِن كُنتُم مَّرْضَى أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَاء أَحَدٌ مَّنكُم مِّنَ الْغَائِطِ أَوْ لاَمَسْتُمُ النِّسَاء فَلَمْ تَجِدُواْ مَاء فَتَيَمَّمُواْ صَعِيداً طَيِّباً فَامْسَحُواْ بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُم مِّنْهُ مَا يُرِيدُ اللّهُ لِيَجْعَلَ عَلَيْكُم مِّنْ حَرَجٍ وَلَـكِن يُرِيدُ لِيُطَهَّرَكُمْ وَلِيُتِمَّ نِعْمَتَهُ عَلَيْكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ

[128] Quran: Al Anam (The Cattle) 6:152, Al Araf (The Heights) 7:42, Al Muminum (The Believers) 23:62
“We do not charge a soul except what it can bear”
لَا نُكَلِّفُ نَفْساً إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا
Quran: Al Baqara (The Cow) 2:226
“Allah does not charge a soul except what it can bear”
لا يكلف الله نفسا إلا وسعها
Quran: Al Baqara (The Cow) 2:286
“A soul is not charged except with what it can bear”
لاَ تُكَلَّفُ نَفْسٌ إِلاَّ وُسْعَهَا

[129] “Al Athkaru al Nawawiyya”, Imam Nawawi, hadith # 2/850
“...Abu Hurayra said:
‘Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) said: ‘The person asked for advice is entrusted’.’ “
Muslim, abu Dawud, Nasaii, Tirmithi, Nasaii, ibn Maja, and it is an authenticated saying (hadith hasan)
الأذْكَارُ النَّوَويَّة، للإِمام النَّوَوي, وجدت الكلمات في الحديث رقم: 2/850
وروينا في سنن أبي داود والترمذي والنسائي وابن ماجه، عن أبي هريرة رضي اللّه عنه قال: قال رسول اللّه صلى اللّه عليه وسلم: "المُسْتَشارُ مُؤْتَمَنٌ". (849) مسلم (55) ، وأبو داود (4944) ، والنسائي 7/156. (850) أبو داود (5128) ، والترمذي (2823) و (2824) ، والنسائي وابن ماجه (3745) و (3746) ، وهو حديث حسن.‏

[130] “Tihfet al Ahwathi: The Explanation of Sunan al Tirmizhi”, Mubarakpuri
(The person asked for advice is entrusted)
‘The person asked for advice’: Whoever asked his advice has requested his opinion about what contains benefit ‘is entrusted’: from ‘security’ or ‘trust, confidence’, its meaning is that the person asked for advice is entrusted concerning the matters being asked about, so he should not be treacherous (commit treason) to the person asking, by withholding what is of benefit to him.
كتاب تحفة الأحوذي، شرح جامع الترمذي، لمحمد بن عبد الرحمن المباركفوري
(إن المستشار) من استشاره طلب رأيه فيما فيه المصلحة (مؤتمن) اسم مفعول من الأمن أو الأمانة ومعناه أن المستشار أمين فيما يسأل من الأمور، فلا ينبغي أن يخون المستشير بكتمان مصلحته

[131] “Fayd al Qadir: The Explanation of Jame al Saghir”, Imam Munawi, Hadith # 9201
“ ‘The person asked for advice is entrusted’, that is, entrusted concerning the matters he is asked about, mentioned al Teebi, because he was given responsibility for the matter in which he was entrusted, so if he knows the benefit of the person who gave him responsibility of his own affair, he should not withhold it, for if he withholds it he will then be harming him but the Prophet PBUH said: ‘No harm (can be initiated), nor harm performed (in retaliation)’...”
الإمامِ المناوي, ‏فيض القدير، شرح الجامع الصغير، الجزء السادس. حديث رقم: 9201
(المستشار مؤتمن) أي أمين فيما يسأل من الأمور ذكره الطيبي لأنه قلد الأمر الذي استشير فيه فإذا عرف المصلحة لمن قلده أمره فلا يكتمه فإن كتم ضره وقد قال عليه الصلاة والسلام لا ضرر ولا ضرار فيكون قد ترك الإحسان وغشه فيما استشاره فيه وخان وقوله (إن شاء أشار وإن شاء لم يشر)

[132] Tafseer Al Nasafi:
{command to what is Urf} (Quran: The Heights 7:199, p. 176)
“What is considered good and fine among actions, or every feature that reason confirms and that Islamic Law accepts.”
{وَأْمُرْ بِالْعُرْفِ}
بالمعروف والجميل من الأفعال أو هو كل خصلة يرتضيها العقل ويقبلها الشرع

[133] Durr al Manthur, Al Suyuti
{command to what is Urf} (Quran: The Heights 7:199, p. 176)
“What is considered good.”
{وَأْمُرْ بِالْعُرْفِ}
بالمعروف

[134] Baydawi (famous for linguistic eminence in tafseer):
{command to what is Urf} (Quran: The Heights 7:199, p. 176)
“What is considered good and recommended so among actions.”
{وَأْمُرْ بِالْعُرْفِ}
المعروف المستحسن من الأفعال

[135] "What's Happening to Marriage?", Essay from State of Our Unions: The Social Health of Marriage in America, 1999
The Marriage Relationship...benefits such as sexual faithfulness, emotional support, mutual trust and lasting commitment.

[136] “The Household and the Making of History: a Subversive View of the Western Past”, Hartman, Mary S., Rutgers University, Cambridge University Press, 2004
"This book argues that a unique late marriage pattern, discovered in the 1960s but originating in the Middle Ages, explains the continuing puzzle of why western Europe was the site of changes that...when the peasants in northwestern Europe began to marry their daughters almost as late as their sons. The appearance of this late marriage system, with its unstable nuclear household form"

[137] “Psychological neoteny and higher education: Associations with delayed parenthood”, Charlton, Medical Hypotheses, Volume 69, Issue 2, Pages 237-240 (2007)
“Marriage and parenthood are indicative of making a choice to ‘settle down’ and thereby move on from the more flexible lifestyle of youth; and furthermore these are usually commitments which themselves induce a settling down and maturation of attitudes and behaviors...Parenthood is associated with a broad range of psychologically ‘maturing’ and socially-integrating effects in both men and women...The conclusion is that psychological neoteny is indeed increasing, and mainly as a consequence of the increasing percentage of school leavers going into higher education.”

[138] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ages_of_consent_in_Europe

[139] “Child Sexual Abuse I: An Overview”, Advocates for Youth
“In up to 50 percent of reported cases, offenders are adolescents.”

[140] “Child Sexual Abuse I: An Overview”, Advocates for Youth
“Child prostitution, pornography and cult (or "ritual") abuse are specific activities also included in the definition. Incest is sexual abuse where the offender is a family member.”

[141] “Child Sexual Abuse I: An Overview”, Advocates for Youth
“Child sexual abuse is characterized by deception, force or coercion”

[142] “Myths and Facts about Childhood Sexual Abuse”
“A national study in 1986 indicated that 35% of all children under age 18 had been sexually abused.”

[143] “Child Sexual Abuse I: An Overview”, Advocates for Youth
“The National Resource Council estimates the percent of the U.S. population which has been sexually abused to range from a low of 20-24 percent to a high of 54-62 percent of the population; the higher estimate includes sexualized exposure without touching, such as masturbating in front of the child. The largest retrospective study on the prevalence of child sexual abuse found 27 percent of women and 16 percent of men reported abuse.”

[144] “Troubled Teens Statistics - Teen Help for Troubled Teens”
“In the U.S.,...6 in 10 of those who had sex before age 15 report having had sex involuntarily.”
“Teenage Sex and Promiscuity”
“Twenty percent of all adolescents have had sex at least once before their fifteenth birthday.”
(Therefore 60% x 25% = 12% of all 14 year olds have had sex “involuntarily”)

[145] “Troubled Teens Statistics - Teen Help for Troubled Teens”
“Half of all new HIV infections occur among adolescents.”

[146] Preventing Teenagers from Getting Contraceptives Unless They Tell a Parent Puts Teens at Risk, ACLU 7/18/2003
“Over half of all new HIV infections in the United States occur in adolescents.”

[147] “Troubled Teens Statistics - Teen Help for Troubled Teens”
“In the U.S., 7 in 10 women who had sex before age 14...report having had sex involuntarily.”

[148] “A LEAGUE TABLE OF TEENAGE BIRTHS IN RICH NATIONS”, Unicef, Innocenti Report Card, 2001
“But it is among younger teenagers that the kaleidoscope has been most vigorously shaken. According to some sources, for example, seven per cent of American children now have sex even before they have become teenagers.”

[149] “Troubled Teens Statistics - Teen Help for Troubled Teens”
“Nationwide, 6.2% of high school students had had sexual intercourse for the first time before age 13.”

[150] “In Whose Interest? Feminist Research on Prostitution”, Off Our Backs, July 1997
“Those who work with prostituted women have found that 90% of the population are incest and child sexual abuse survivors, oftentimes abused by many perpetrators (The Council for Prostitution Alternatives, WHISPER).”

[151] "Child Prostitution", US Department of Justice, Child Exploitation and Obscenity Section (CEOS)
“The majority of American victims of commercial sexual exploitation tend to be runaway or thrown away youth who live on the streets who become victims of prostitution...These children generally come from homes where they have been abused, or from families that have abandoned them”

[152] "Myths and Facts of Incest", Hill Country Children's Advocacy Center
"90% of young prostitutes were victims of sexual abuse."

[153] "Child Prostitution", US Department of Justice, Child Exploitation and Obscenity Section (CEOS)
“The average age at which girls first become victims of prostitution is 12-14”

[154] Sexually Active Teenagers Are More Likely to Be Depressed and to Attempt Suicide, Rector, Johnson, Noyes, June 3, 2003, Center for Data Analysis Report #03-04
"Thus, sexually active girls are more than three times more likely to be depressed than are girls who are not sex*ually active...Thus, sexually active teenage boys are eight times more likely to attempt sui*cide than are boys who are not sexu*ally active."

[155] "Does Abstinence Education Really Work?", Project Reality
“Sexually active girls are 3 times more likely to attempt suicide that abstinent teenage girls. Sexually active males are 8 times more likely to attempt suicide. Suicide rates have doubled to teens between 1960-2001.”

[156] Some Eye-opening Teen Pregnancy Facts, Parent Super Site
"95% of teen pregnancies are unplanned...80% of teen mothers end up on welfare."
(Therefore 95% x 80% = 76% of unplanned teen mothers end up on welfare)

[157] “A LEAGUE TABLE OF TEENAGE BIRTHS IN RICH NATIONS”, Unicef, Innocenti Report Card, 2001
"In the world’s rich nations...at least 1.25 million teenagers become pregnant each year...approximately half a million will seek an abortion and approximately three quarters of a million will become teenage mothers... Sex before marriage and the expectation of several sexual partners before beginning a stable relationship has now become the norm in most industrialized countries.”

[158] "Comments of CATW in preparation for the United States 2002 Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report", Coalition Against Trafficking in Women
"Legalized or decriminalized prostitution industries are one of the root causes of sex trafficking. There is an fundamental connection between legal recognition of prostitution industries and the increase in “significant numbers of victims” who have been subjected to sex trafficking. Nowhere do we see this relationship more clearly than in countries advocating prostitution as an employment choice, or who foster the legalization of prostitution, or who support the decriminalization of the sex industry...Another argument for legalizing prostitution in the Netherlands was that it would help end child prostitution. In reality, however, child prostitution in the Netherlands has increased dramatically during the 1990s...The sheer volume of foreign women who are in the prostitution industry in Germany – by some NGO estimates now up to 85 per cent – casts further doubt on the fact that these numbers of women could have entered Germany without facilitation. As in the Netherlands, NGOs report that most of the foreign women have been trafficked into the country since it is almost impossible for poor women to facilitate their own migration, underwrite the costs of travel and travel documents, and set themselves up in business without outside help."

[159] ”Worst Forms of Child Labour Data: Germany”, Global March Against Child Labor
“Child Trafficking...NATIONAL STATISTICS...At least 200 women, including girls under the age of 16, were trafficked by one Polish man to Germany and the Netherlands between 1993 and 1996...Germany is a destination and transit country for trafficked women. Estimates vary considerably on the number of women and girls trafficked to and through the country, ranging between 2,000 and 20,000 per year....Most trafficking victims are women and girls between the ages of 16 and 25 who are forced to work as prostitutes....Germany, Israel, the Netherlands, Denmark, and Austria are major destinations for women trafficked from Lithuania, based on the figures of women subsequently deported from these countries to Lithuania....The German Federal Department of Criminal Investigation estimates that 5% of the women trafficked from Eastern Europe are younger than 18....Germany is one of the most popular destinations in Europe for women trafficked from Ukraine and Russia...Sweden is used as a transit country for trafficking Latin American women to brothels in Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands.”

[160] Child Prostitution in the Netherlands, Carin Tiggeloven, Radio Netherlands Worldwide, 18-12-2001
"The number of Dutch children working in prostitution has increased dramatically over the past five years: from 4,000 to 15,000 according to figures published by the Amsterdam-based ChildRight organization...recent years have seen a significant rise on the number of Dutch girls forced into the sex industry..."

[161] "Human Rights Reports of Europe and Central Asia: Germany", 2003, The Protection Project
“Germany is the top destination country for trafficking in women and children for prostitution...The sex trade in Germany, Europe’s largest economy, brought in US$7.5 billion in 2003, which makes Germany an attractive destination country for prostitution networks that traffic women and children.”

[162] " 'Tens of thousands' blocked from child porn", Nov 25 2005, The Local: Sweden’s News in English
"Every day 20,000 to 30,000 attempts by Swedes to enter child pornography sites are blocked, according to the latest figures from the police...Between 80% and 90% of child porn web sites are blocked by the filters...Nevertheless, the figures are "grotesque", said Ecpat's general secretary Helena Karlén...'It's significant and shocking that so many people in our country are interested in watching children being raped and in certain cases tortured,' she said to SvD."

[163] ”German Police Turn Up the Heat on Internet Sex Offenders”, 08-01-2007, DW-World.de Detche Welle
Thousands of suspected pedophiles and child-porn users in Germany...using the Internet to view and trade sex photos and videos...investigators said they found photos and videos of children in "violent and degrading situations."...Child pornography on the rise...Some 800 cases involving child pornography passed through the state's district attorney's office in Stuttgart in 2006. That number represents an increase from 690 cases in 2005 and 620 cases in 2004. The suspects come from all parts of society...Few cases of child pornography, however, are easy to prosecute, district attorney spokeswoman Bettina Vetter told the Stuttgarter Zeitung. Only one third of all child pornography cases are carried through to a court sentence while many cases are often abandoned for lack of evidence, she said.

[164] "German Government Publication Promotes Incestuous Pedophilia as Healthy Sex Ed", John-Henry Westen, July 30, 2007, LifeSiteNews.com
“Booklets from a subsidiary of the German government's Ministry for Family Affairs encourage parents to...Two 40-page booklets entitled "Love, Body and Playing Doctor" by the German Federal Health Education Center..."Fathers do not devote enough attention to the clitoris and vagina of their daughters. Their caresses too seldom pertain to these regions, while this is the only way the girls can develop a sense of pride in their sex," reads the booklet regarding 1-3 year olds. The authors rationalize, "The child touches all parts of their father's body, sometimes arousing him. The father should do the same."...For ages 4-6, the booklet recommends teaching children the movements of copulation...According to the Polish daily newspaper Rzeczpospolita, the BZgA booklet is an obligatory read in nine German regions. It is used for training nursery, kindergarten and elementary school teachers...Rzeczpospolita reports that the Eckhardt Scheffer of BZgA claimed that before releasing the manual the organization consulted parents, educators and child psychologists. 93% of whom gave a positive evaluation.“

[165] "A Research Note on Incest", Svend Riemer, The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 45, No. 4 (Jan., 1940), pp. 566-575
"There is no doubt that incest, especially father-daughter incest, is very widespread within certain strata of Swedish society"

[166] "Europeans pay big for beastiality at barnyard brothels", Aftermath News, October 2, 2006
"Denmark’s animal bordellos reportedly draw Norwegian clients, but both countries have loopholes that make such establishments legal...Denmark’s animal bordellos have been advertising on the ‘Net and reportedly draw customers from as far away as Norway, Germany, Holland and Sweden who want to pay for sex with horses and other beasts... Mersereau said just because there’s been publicity about such facilities in Denmark who are “catering to those kinds of sickos,” that doesn’t mean those activities aren’t happening elsewhere."

[167] "Animal bordellos draw Norwegians", Aftenporten News from Norway, Sep 14 2006
"According to the 24timer report, Germans, Dutchmen, Swedes and Norwegians visit the Danish bordellos, and a web site devoted to bestiality claimed that many of Denmark's animal sex clients stem from Norway...A new dissertation from the Institute of Criminology at the University of Oslo showed that Norwegian veterinarians know of at least 124 cases of animal sex abuse in Norway. The thesis reports that 22 percent of Norwegian veterinarians suspect or are sure that they have treated animals that have been sexually abused by humans."

[168] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bestiality#Legal_status
Currently, the legality of bestiality varies greatly around the world. It is legal in some countries, such as Sweden, Denmark and the Netherlands...Countries such as Belgium, Germany and Russia are in between the two as they permit sexual activity with animals but strictly prohibit the promotion of animal-oriented pornography

[169] ”Bestiality on the Rise in Sexually Libertine Sweden”, LifeSiteNews.com, May 4, 2005
"Sweden, known the world over for its avant garde sexual mores has crossed yet another barrier in its moral descent with the news that sexual abuse of animals is on the increase. A government commissioned study has found that more than 200 animals, mostly horses, have been sexually abused in Sweden since the 1970s...Unlike most countries, bestiality is not illegal in Sweden. The legal prohibitions against both bestiality and homosexuality were lifted by the country in 1944....In an article published last year entitled "The End of Marriage in Scandinavia", author Stanley Kurtz reported "Sweden is probably the most secular country in the world. Secular social scientists (most of them quite radical) have largely replaced clerics as arbiters of public morality." The decline of general sexual morality, evident in Swedish society, seems to be manifesting itself in many disturbing ways, spiraling downward with increasing rapidity."

[170] “Falling Age at Puberty”, Population Reports, Volume XXIII, Number 3, October, 1995
“Boys and girls now experience puberty at younger ages than previous generations. In general, girls enter puberty between ages 8 and 13 and reach menarche (first menstruation) several years later, while boys enter puberty between ages 9 and 14 (436, 529). The reasons for earlier menarche in girls are not well understood. Most of the change is attributed to better health and nutrition (160, 185, 529). In North America age at menarche decreased by three to four months each decade after 1850”

[171] The invention of adolescence, V.R., Psychology Today, Jan/Feb 95
“Since the mid-1800s, puberty--the advent of sexual maturation and the starting point of adolescence--has inched back one year for every 25 years elapsed. It now occurs on average six years earlier than it did in 1850--age 11 or 12 for girls; age 12 or 13 for boys.”

[172] “Evolution, development and timing of puberty.” Hanson, Gluckman Trends in Endocrinology & ****bolism, Volume 17, Issue 1, January 2006, Pages 7-12
“The age of menarche has fallen as child health has improved...In the past few decades, as puberty has advanced, biological maturation has come to precede psychosocial maturation significantly for the first time in our evolutionary history. Although this developmental mismatch has considerable societal implications, care has to be taken not to medicalize contemporary early puberty inappropriately.”

[173] ”New research shows how evolution explains age of puberty”, From the University of Southampton
“They found that Paleolithic girls arrived at menarche - the first occurrence of menstruation - between seven and 13 years. This is a similar age to modern girls...'This would have matched the degree of psychosocial maturation necessary to function as an adult in Paleolithic society based on small groups of hunter-gatherers,' they write...However, today there is a mismatch between sexual maturity and psychosocial maturity, with sexual maturity occurring much earlier. This mismatch is a result of society becoming vastly more complex, with psychosocial maturity therefore taking longer to reach.
'For the first time in our 200,000 year history as a species, humans become sexually mature before becoming psychologically equipped to function as adults in society,' explains Professor Hanson.
'All our social systems work on the presumption that the two types of maturity coincide. But this is no longer the case and never will be again because we cannot change biological reality. We have to work out a new set of structures - schooling, for example - to deal with this reality.' “

[174] When Little Girls Become Women: Early Onset of Puberty in Girls
“But the implications for parents, teachers, and others who work with children are equally important: many young girls in early elementary school are developing breasts and pubic hair at a time when they are still playing with dolls and Junior Monopoly, and are too young to understand the emotional mood swings and other symptoms of adolescence.”

[175] “A LEAGUE TABLE OF TEENAGE BIRTHS IN RICH NATIONS”, Unicef, Innocenti Report Card, 2001
“In particular the weakening of traditional attitudes has combined with commercial pressures to create more sexualised societies in which old taboos serve mainly to add to the allure of the formerly forbidden. Increasingly, sexual imagery and content are permeating the information and entertainment environments within which today’s teenagers develop awareness, experiment with identity, and live out their aspirations towards adulthood. Unsurprisingly in such a con****, sexual activity among teenagers has increased (perhaps aided by a fall in the average age of puberty as a result of better health and nutrition).”

[176] “Psychological neoteny and higher education: Associations with delayed parenthood”, Charlton, Medical Hypotheses, Volume 69, Issue 2, Pages 237-240 (2007)
“Marriage and parenthood are indicative of making a choice to ‘settle down’ and thereby move on from the more flexible lifestyle of youth; and furthermore these are usually commitments which themselves induce a settling down and maturation of attitudes and behaviors...Parenthood is associated with a broad range of psychologically ‘maturing’ and socially-integrating effects in both men and women...The conclusion is that psychological neoteny is indeed increasing, and mainly as a consequence of the increasing percentage of school leavers going into higher education

[/frame]

.”