الرد على شبهة الزواج المبكر وزواج الرسول من السيدة عائشة رضي الله عنها

[الرافعي]

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ثالثا : مخاطر الإنجاب المبكر تاريخيا :


ثالثة دعاواهم قولهم : (( لقد سمح الإسلام بالإنجاب المبكر لدى سن البلوغ في العصور قبل الحديثة ، مما كان خطرا على الأمهات الصغيرات ))

لقد استشهدت هذه الدعوى بدراسة لـ ( صندوق الأمم المتحدة للسكان UNFPA ) لكنها أخفت أن الدراسة تناولت دولتين فقيرتين معاصرتين ، وأنه " كان من الممكن تجنب كل حالات الوفايات تلك تقريبا " وبكل بساطة عن طريق توفير وسائل النقل للمستشفيات [91] .

وتنص ( المجلة الدولية لعلم الأوبئة The International Journal of Epidemiology ) على أن " جميع الدراسات إنما تورط الفقر ، وليس الأم ، في أنه يشكل التهديد الحقيقي لصحة الأم وطفلها " [92] .

وفي الأزمنة قبل الحديثة ، كانت مخاطر الإنجاب الحقيقية نابعة من نقص المعرفة الطبية ، و عدم النظافة الشخصية ، وقد أثر ذلك على جميع النساء بغض النظر عن أعمارهن [93] .

في الحقيقة ، لقد كان الإنجاب المبكر سمة للتفوق الوراثي لسببين :

الأول : أن النساء اللائي يبلغن مبكرا يُنجبن أطفالا أسرع نموا وأثقل وزنا [94] .

الثاني : ما تنص عليه ( نظرية تاريخ الحياة ) من أن " الانتخاب الطبيعي سيكون في صالح الأفراد الذين يتناسلون مبكرا عن باقي الأفراد في المجتمع السكاني " [95] [96] .

فالنتيجة إذا أن الإنجاب المبكر لم بكن ضارا على الإطلاق ، بل كان منفعة لحديثي الولادة ومنفعة وراثية .

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[91] Americans for UNFPA, Women’s Health
“Almost all of these deaths are preventable. UNFPA trains skilled birth attendants and establishes reliable transportation to medical facilities--the most effective ways to reduce maternal mortality in remote areas.”
UNFPA and UNIFEM Joint Proposal for a Planning Grant “Improving Social and Economic Opportunities for Adolescent Girls in Ethiopia and Bangladesh”
“in Ethiopia and Bangladesh...girls aged 10 to 14 are five times more likely to die in pregnancy or childbirth than women aged 20 to 24”


[92] “Teen pregnancy is not a public health crisis in the United States. It is time we made it one”, Janet Rich-Edwards, International Journal of Epidemiology, 2002;31:555-556
“Indeed, it is testimony to the increasing strength of epidemiological methods that maternal age can be stripped from its tight association with economic and social risks, yielding the conclusion that teen pregnancy (at least for the 98% of teen pregnancies that occur after age 14 in the US) poses little, if any, inherent biological risk in the developed world. Such studies implicate poverty, not maternal age, as the real threat to maternal and infant welfare.”


[93] “Commentary: The pitfalls of policy history. Writing the past to change the present”, S Ryan Johansson, International Journal of Epidemiology, 2005 34(3): 526-529
"...most people were too poor, and therefore too poorly nourished, to resist the relentless onslaughts of disease, particularly infectious disease. In 18th century Western Europe, agricultural development increased the food supply and let ordinary people buy more and better food. Better nutrition increased their resistance to infectious disease, and reduced death rates, all without the assistance of medical care. It took another century (i.e. 1870) before public health and the decline of fertility made a complementary but still minor contribution to the continuing, nutrition-driven decline of mortality. Thus, if the goal of contemporary health policy is to further reduce mortality, society should invest its resources in the reduction of malnutrition, and more broadly, the eradication of poverty, not more and more sophisticated forms of medical care.”


[94] “Mother's early puberty boosts child's obesity risk”, 24 April 2007, NewScientist.com, Roxanne Khamsi
“a combination of genetic and behavioural factors explains why women who undergo puberty early appear to have children who grow faster and weigh more. Mothers may pass on genes that cause swift development, he explains. By the same token, they may pass on eating habits that prime the body for early maturation.”


[95] “population ecology” Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008
“Of the many differences in life history that occur among populations, age at the time of first reproduction is one of the most important for understanding the dynamics and evolution of a population. All else being equal, natural selection will favour individuals that reproduce earlier than other individuals within a population, because by reproducing earlier an individual's genes enter the gene pool sooner than those of other individuals that were born at the same time but have not reproduced. The genes of the early reproducers then begin to spread throughout the population. Individuals whose genetic makeup allows them to reproduce earlier in life will come to dominate a population if there is no counterbalancing advantage to those individuals that delay reproduction until later in life.”


[96] “population ecology” Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008
“populations in which individuals reproduce at an early age have the potential to grow much faster than populations in which individuals reproduce later.”

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